“Thereisnoevidence that anyamount ofhomeworkimproves...

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“ There is no evidence that any amount of homework improves the academic performance of elementary students?”

This statement, by homework research expert harris Cooper, of Duke University, is surprising to hear, no matter which side of the homework debate you're on. Can it be true that the bours of lost playtime, power struggles and tears all for naught? That millions of families go

through a nightly ritual that doesn't help? Homework is such an acceepted practics that it's hard for most adults to even question its value.

When you Look at the facts, however, here's what you find：Homework has benefits, but its are age dependent.

For elementar -aged children, research suggests that studying in class gets superior learning results, while extra school work at home is just …extra work. Even in middle school, the relationship between homework, and academic succese is minimal at best. By the time hours kida reach high school , homework provides academic benefit , but only in moderation. More than two houra per night is the limit. After that amount,the benefits taper off. “The research is very clear,” agrees Etta Kralovec, education professor at the University of Arizona. “There's no benefit at the elementary school level. ”

Before goin g further. let's get rid of the myth that these research results are due to a handful of poorly constructed studies. In fact, it's the opposite. Cooper collected 120 studies in * and another 60 studies in 2006, This comprehensive analysis of multiple research studies found no evidenee of academic benefit at the elementary level, It did， however, find a negative impact on children's altitudes toward school.

This is what's worrying. Homework does have an impact on young students, but it's not a good one. A child jus t beginning school deserves the chance to develop a love cif learning. Instead, homework at a young causes many kids to turn against school, future homework and academic leaming. And it's a long road, A child in kindergarten is facing 13 years of homework ahead of him or her.

Then there's the damage to personal relationships. In thousands of homes across the country t families batlle over homework nightly. Parents complain and persuade. Overtired children protest and cry. Instead of connecting and supporting each other at the end of the day, too many families find themselves locked in the “ did you do your homework?” cycle.

Then homework comes too early, if a hard for children in deal with assignments independently —they need adult help lo remember assignments and figure out how to do the work, Parents often take the role of Homework Patrol Cop. Besides the constant conflict, having a Homework Patrol Cop in the house weakens one of the possible purposes of homework;reaponsibilty. 1. Homework research expert Harris Cooper mayagree that .

A. elementary students have too much playtime

B. the value of homework should not be questioned

C. extra school work at home helps improve learning results

D. doing Homework may not improve elemehtary atudents' scores

2. The underlined words “all for naught” in Para, 2 probably mean .

A. useless B. valuable C. harmful D. helpful

3. What does Para. 4 mainly talk about?

A. Homework is very neceesary for elementary-aged kicds.

B. The benefite of homework are actually age-dependent

C. Academic success depends on the amount of homework.

D. There are many benefits for middle school students to do homework.

4. What might be the possible consequence of homework for elementary students?