Globalwarmingandchangingclimaticconditionsaretriggering...

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Global warming and changing climatic conditions are triggering disease epidemics in wildlife around the world, reports a famous team of ecologists and epidemiologists in the Friday June 21st issue of Science.

"What is most surprising is the fact that climate sensitive outbreaks are happening with so many different types of pathogens (病原体) ----viruses, bacteria, fungi, and parasites----as well as in such a wide range of hosts (寄主) including corals, oysters, terrestrial plants, birds, and humans, " says lead author Drew Harvell of Cornell University.

"This isn't just a question of coral bleaching for a few marine ecologists, nor just a question of malaria for a few health officials---the number of similar increases in disease incidence is astonishing," says coauthor Richard Ostfeld from the Institute of Ecosystem Studies in Millbrook <?xml:namespace prefix = st1 />New York. "We don't want to be alarmists, but we are alarmed."

The team documented examples of viruses, bacteria, and fungi associated with diseases that develop more rapidly with slight rises in temperature. Many vectors of disease such as mosquitoes, flies, and rodents, as well as the viral, fungal, and bacterial pathogens are highly temperature and moisture sensitive. As temperature increases, these carriers are likely to spread into new areas and may have potentially devastating effects on wildlife populations that have not been previously exposed. Reproduction, growth, and biting rates of insects all go up with increases of temperature. Winter is the limiting time for many pathogens, killing back populations each year. With milder winters, this population bottleneck may be removed for many species. Warmer, longer summers also mean that the period of time of disease transmission is longer. Warmer summers may increase host susceptibility to disease due to thermal stress, particularly in the oceans. Marine bacteria and fungal growth rates are positively correlated with increasing temperature.

76．Where can we probably find this passage? In a __________.

A．Book B．magazine C．textbook D．dictionary

77．According to the passage, the report was written by ________.

A．Drew Harvell B．Richard Ostfeld

C．Drew Harvell and Richard Ostfeld D．A team of ecologists and epidemiologists

78．What do the underlined words “these carriers” in the last paragraph refer to?

A．Mosquitoes and flies

B．Rodents

C．The viral, fungal, and bacterial pathogens

D．All of the above

79．According to this passage, the outbreaks of disease epidemics tend to occur in ______.

A．winter B．spring C．summer D．autumn