“Themainsurpriseishowwidespreadtheeffectswere,”saysseni...

问题详情：

“The main surprise is how widespread the effects were,” says senior author Martin Genner, an evolutionary ecologist at the University of Bristol. “We found the same trend across all groups of marine life we looked at, from small forms of plants and animals to marine invertebrates ( 无脊椎动物 ), and from fish to seabirds.”

The new study builds on early evidence of the impact of climate changes on the distribution, diversity and seasonality of marine species. Based on those findings, Genner’s team reasoned that marine species should be doing well at the leading (pole-ward) edge of their ranges but poorly at their trailing (equator-ward) side. They also realized that existing global species distribution databases could be used to test this idea.

Based on a thorough search of available data in the literature, the researchers now report on a global analysis of diversity trends for 304 widely distributed marine species over the last century. The results show that — just as predicted — diversity increases have been most obvious where sampling has taken place at the pole-ward side of species ranges, while diversity declines have been greatest where sampling has taken place at the equator-ward side of species ranges.

The findings show that large-scale changes in the diversity of species are well underway. They also suggest that marine species haven’t managed to adapt to warmer conditions. The researchers therefore suggest that projected sea temperature increases of up to 1.5°C over pre-industrial levels by 2050 will continue to lead to shifts in the diversity of marine species, including those of importance for coastal livelihoods.

“This matters because it means that climate changes are not only leading to diversity changes, but naturally affecting the performance of species locally,” Genner says. “We’re seeing fewer and fewer species like emperor penguins as water becomes too warm at their equator-ward edge, and we see some fish such as European seabass growing well at their pole-ward edge where historically they were uncommon.”

The results show that the effects of climate changes on marine species are highly uniform and not a little . “While some marine life may benefit as the ocean warms, the findings point toward a future in which we will also see continued loss of marine life,” Genner says.

1 ． According to the passage, what did Genner’s team conclude?

A ． Climate changes have a great effect on the growth of fish.

B ． Species data can be used to test the study.

C ． Arctic marine species grow better than those at the equator.

D ． Marine species can adapt to the warm environment.

2 ． Which of the following is true according to the passage?

A ． Some sea creatures may benefit from warming oceans.

B ． Climate Changes have little to do with the richness of species.

C ． The effect of climate changes on marine life has improved.

D ． Marine life will benefit from ocean warming in the future.

3 ． What does the underlined part of the last paragraph mean?

A ． similar and slight B ． nowhere and a little bit

C ． everywhere and enormous D ． nothing and uneventful

4 ． Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?

A ． Study of the Disappearance of Marine life.

B ． Impact of Climate Changes on Marine Species.

C ． Analysis of Species Distribution Database.

D ． Comparative Analysis of Ocean Temperatures.

【回答】

1 ． C

2 ． A

3 ． C

4 ． B

【分析】

这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了气候变化对海洋物种的影响是巨大的。虽然一些海洋生物可能会因气候变暖而受益，但在气候变化的影响下海洋生物在未来还是会继续消失。

1 ．推理判断题。根据文章第二段内容 “Based on those findings, Genner’s team reasoned that marine species should be doing well at the leading (pole-ward) edge of their ranges but poorly at their trailing (equator-ward) side.( 基于这些发现， Genner 的研究小组推断，海洋物种应该在它们活动范围的最前端 —— 向极地方向生长得很好，但在它们活动范围的末尾 —— 向赤道方向生长得很差。 )” 可知，在极地的海洋生物应是比在赤道生活的海洋生物生长的好，由此可知，选项 C“Arctic marine species grow better than those at the equator.( 北极的海洋物种比赤道的物种生长得更好。 )” 是基于原文的合理推断。故选 C 项。

2 ．细节理解题。根据文章第五段内容 “…we see some fish such as European seabass growing well at their pole-ward edge where historically they were uncommon.( 我们看到一些鱼类，如欧洲鲈鱼，在它们的极地生长得很好，在历史上，它们并不常见。 )” 可知，在气候变暖的情况下，一些历史上并不常见的海洋鱼类，比如欧洲鲈鱼反而生长得很好。根据最后一段 “While some marine life may benefit as the ocean warms,” 虽然随着海洋变暖，一些海洋生物可能会受益由此可知，选项 A“Some sea creatures may benefit from warming oceans.( 一些海洋生物可能受益于海洋变暖。 )” 为基于原文信息的合理论述。故选 A 项。

3 ．词义猜测题。分析可知，文章结构为总分总结构，末尾段内容与首段内容相呼应，划线短语所在句 “The results show that the effects of climate changes on marine species are highly uniform and not a little .” 再次点明文章的主旨要义，即首段提到的 “The main surprise is how widespread the effects were( 最令人惊讶的是这种影响有多广泛 )” ，由此可推知，划线短语 “highly uniform and not a little” 应是与 “widespread” 相呼应，即强调气候变暖影响的 “ 广泛且影响力巨大 ” ，与选项 C“everywhere and enormous” 表达含义一致。故选 C 项。

4 ．主旨大意题。根据第一段 “The main surprise is how widespread the effects were,” says senior author Martin Genner, an evolutionary ecologist at the University of Bristol. “We found the same trend across all groups of marine life we looked at, from small forms of plants and animals to marine invertebrates, and from fish to seabirds.( 布里斯托尔大学进化生态学家、资深作者 Martin Genner 说： “ 最令人惊讶的是，这种影响的范围之广。 ”“ 我们发现，从小型植物和动物到海洋无脊椎动物，从鱼类到海鸟，所有海洋生物群体都存在同样的趋势。 )” 再根据第二段 “The new study builds on early evidence of the impact of climate changes on the distribution, diversity and seasonality of marine species.” 这项新的研究建立在气候变化对海洋物种分布、多样*和季节*影响的早期*据之上，由此可知，文章主语围绕气候变暖对海洋生物的影响而进行阐述说明的。选项 B“Impact of Climate Changes on Marine Species.( 气候变化对海洋物种的影响。 )” 合理概括了文章主题，可作最佳标题。故选 B 项。

知识点：科普知识与现代技术

题型：阅读理解