Inthe1500’swhentheSpanishmovedintowhatlaterwastobecomet...

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In the 1500’s when the Spanish moved into what later was to become the southwestern United States, they came across the ancestors of the modern-day Pueblo, Hopi, and Zuni peoples. These ancestors, known variously as the basket makers, the Anasazi, or the Ancient ones, had lived in the area for at least 2,000 years. They were an advanced agricultural people who used irrigation to help grow their crops.

The Anasazi lived in houses constructed of adobe (土砖) and wood. Anasazi houses were originally Built in holes and were entered from the roof. But around the year 700 A.D., the Anasazi began to build their homes above ground and join them together into groups of multistoried large buildings, which the Spanish called pueblos or villages. Separate rooms under the ground in these pueblos – known as kivas – were set aside for religious ceremonies. Each kiva had a hole that was believed to lead to the underworld. The largest pueblos had five stories and more than 800 rooms.

The Anasazi family was matrilinear (母系遗传). The holy objects of the family were under the control of the oldest female, but the actual ceremonies were conducted by her brother, or son. women owned the rooms in the pueblo and the crops, once they were harvested. While still growing, crops belonged to the men, who, in contrast to most other Native American groups, planted them. The women made baskets and pottery; the men made cloth and jewelry.

Each village had two chiefs. The village chief dealt with land disputes (争议) and religious affairs. The war chief led the men in fighting during occasional conflicts that broke out with neighboring villages and directed the men in community building projects. The solid political and social organization of the Anasazi made it almost impossible for other groups to conquer them.

24. What do we know about the Anasazi people?

A. They were immigrants from Spain. B. They were good at growing crops.

C. They stored their crops in caves. D. They had battles against the Spanish.

25. What does the underlined word "they"(Paragraph 3) refer to?

A. Women. B. Pueblos. C. Crops. D. Rooms.

26. What can be concluded from the text?

A. The Anasazi benefited from trade with the Spanish.

B. The division of labor in Anasazi society was clear.

C. The Spanish caused harm to Anasazi society.

D. Constant conflicts existed in Anasazi society.

27. What can best describe the Anasazi?

A. Aggressive. B. United. C. Honesty. D. Selfish.